{"id":2810,"date":"2019-10-21T15:11:41","date_gmt":"2019-10-21T08:11:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/?post_type=ht_kb&#038;p=2810"},"modified":"2019-10-30T08:24:48","modified_gmt":"2019-10-30T01:24:48","slug":"quan-tri-users-and-groups-tren-linux","status":"publish","type":"ht_kb","link":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/docs\/quan-tri-users-and-groups-tren-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Users and Groups tr\u00ean linux"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"posts\">\n<div id=\"post-976\" class=\"post-976 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-linux tag-group tag-user\">\n<div>\n<div>1) Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Users<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>Tr\u00ean Linux c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i user :\n<ul>\n<li>User h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n<li>User ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>User h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u00a0: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c module , script c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh .<\/li>\n<li>User ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u00a0: l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 login s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00ec t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n user\u00a0root\u00a0(\u00a0super user\u00a0) l\u00e0 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra khi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Linux .<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf .<\/li>\n<li>User\u00a0root\u00a0c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0super user\u00a0v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 full quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng .<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi user\u00a0root\u00a0khi mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng , trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c , ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi user th\u01b0\u1eddng .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed7i user th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 sau :\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00ean t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n user l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t , c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean\u00a0ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng , ch\u1eef hoa\u00a0.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed7i user c\u00f3 1 m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t (\u00a0uid\u00a0) .<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed7i user c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u group .<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n\u00a0super user\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0uid=gid=0\u00a0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"1.1)_File\u00a0\/etc\/passwd\">1.1) File\u00a0\/etc\/passwd<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00e0 file v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n user tr\u00ean m\u00e1y .<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ecdi user \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eadp tin n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 user\u00a0root\u00a0m\u1edbi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i .<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 xem n\u1ed9i dung file ta d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre>cat \/etc\/passwd<\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac file g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng , m\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 1 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a user . D\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp tin m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin cho user\u00a0root\u00a0( c\u00f3\u00a0uid=0\u00a0) , ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng , cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng . M\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh\u00a07\u00a0c\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhau b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u\u00a0:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/yF07I26.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<p>\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t trong file :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1\u00a0\u2013 T\u00ean user (\u00a0login name\u00a0)<\/li>\n<li>2\u00a0\u2013 M\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u group \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ( v\u00ec c\u00f3 file\u00a0\/etc\/shadow\u00a0) n\u00ean m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0\u00a0x<\/li>\n<li>3\u00a0\u2013 User ID (\u00a0uid\u00a0)<\/li>\n<li>4\u00a0\u2013 Group ID (\u00a0gid\u00a0)<\/li>\n<li>5\u00a0\u2013 T\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (\u00a0comment\u00a0)<\/li>\n<li>6\u00a0\u2013 Th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c home c\u1ee7a user ( th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0\u00a0\/home\/user_name\u00a0)<\/li>\n<li>7\u00a0\u2013 Lo\u1ea1i shell s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi user login , th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0\u00a0\/bin\/bash<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"1.2)_File\u00a0\/etc\/shadow\">1.2) File\u00a0\/etc\/shadow<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00e0 t\u1eadp tin v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n user l\u01b0u tr\u00ean m\u00e1y .<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 user\u00a0root\u00a0m\u1edbi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eadp tin n\u00e0y .<\/li>\n<li>User\u00a0root\u00a0c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n reset m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 user n\u00e0o tr\u00ean m\u00e1y .<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed7i d\u00f2ng trong t\u1eadp tin ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a user , \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9t , gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb , d\u1ea5u\u00a0:\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/9N0aDM1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<p>\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1\u00a0\u2013 T\u00ean user , gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi trong\u00a0\/etc\/passwd\u00a0(\u00a0login name\u00a0)<\/li>\n<li>2\u00a0\u2013 M\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng (\u00a0empty\u00a0) \u2013 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u<\/li>\n<li>*\u00a0\u2013 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m ng\u01b0ng (\u00a0disable\u00a0)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3\u00a0\u2013 S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u ( t\u00ednh t\u1eeb\u00a01\/1\/1970\u00a0)<\/li>\n<li>4\u00a0\u2013 S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u . Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u00a00\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o .<\/li>\n<li>5\u00a0\u2013 S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb .\u00a099999\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n .<\/li>\n<li>6\u00a0\u2013 S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o user tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n<\/li>\n<li>7\u00a0\u2013 S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y sau khi m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a . Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0\u00a07\u00a0( 1 tu\u1ea7n )<\/li>\n<li>8\u00a0\u2013 S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a ( t\u00ednh t\u1eeb\u00a01\/1\/1970\u00a0)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"1.3)_C\u00e1c_l\u1ec7nh_qu\u1ea3n_l\u00fd_user\">1.3) C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd user<\/h3>\n<h3 id=\"1.3.1)\u00a0useradd\">1.3.1)\u00a0useradd<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n user .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre>useradd [options] [login_name]<\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>Options :\n<ul>\n<li>-c\u00a0:\u00a0comment\u00a0: t\u1ea1o b\u00ed danh<\/li>\n<li>-u\u00a0:\u00a0set user ID\u00a0: m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 ID ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn cho user ( b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb\u00a01000\u00a0)<\/li>\n<li>-d\u00a0: ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c home cho user<\/li>\n<li>-g\u00a0: ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh group ch\u00ednh<\/li>\n<li>-G\u00a0: ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh group ph\u1ee5 ( group m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng )<\/li>\n<li>-s\u00a0: ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh shell cho user s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>VD1 :<\/p>\n<pre>\u00a0T\u1ea1o user v\u1edbi t\u00ean\u00a0Will\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0\u00a0Will Smiths\u00a0:<\/pre>\n<pre>useradd -c \"Will Smiths\" will<\/pre>\n<p>=&gt; User \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 group\u00a0will\u00a0v\u00e0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c home c\u1ee7a user l\u00e0\u00a0\/home\/will\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng .<\/p>\n<p>VD2 :<\/p>\n<pre>\u00a0T\u1ea1o user v\u1edbi t\u00ean\u00a0justice\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0\u00a0Justice Smiths\u00a0, user thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m users v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m\u00a0wheel\u00a0,\u00a0sales\u00a0:<\/pre>\n<pre>useradd -g users -G wheel,sales -c \"Justice Smiths\" justice<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"1.3.2)\u00a0passwd\">1.3.2)\u00a0passwd<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eb7t \/ \u0111\u1ed5i password cho user<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre>passwd [login_name]<\/pre>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/TYEfRRE.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"\"><\/h3>\n<h3 id=\"1.3.3)\u00a0usermod\">1.3.3)\u00a0usermod<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh s\u1eeda th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre>usermod [options] [login_name]<\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>Options :\n<ul>\n<li>-c\u00a0:\u00a0comment\u00a0: t\u1ea1o b\u00ed danh<\/li>\n<li>-d\u00a0: thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c home cho user<\/li>\n<li>-m\u00a0: di chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i dung t\u1eeb th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c home c\u0169 sang th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c home m\u1edbi ( ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi\u00a0-d\u00a0)<\/li>\n<li>-g\u00a0: ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh group ch\u00ednh<\/li>\n<li>-G\u00a0: ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh group ph\u1ee5 ( group m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng )<\/li>\n<li>-s\u00a0: ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh shell cho user s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<li>-l\u00a0: \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n<\/li>\n<li>-L\u00a0: kh\u00f3a t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>VD :<\/p>\n<pre>\u00a0\u0110\u1ed5i t\u00ean t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n\u00a0will\u00a0th\u00e0nh\u00a0jaden\u00a0(\u00a0Jaden Smiths\u00a0) v\u1edbi th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c home c\u1ee7a user l\u00e0\u00a0\/home\/jaden<\/pre>\n<pre>usermod -l jaden -c \"Jaden Smiths\" -m -d \/home\/jaden will<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"1.3.4)\u00a0userdel\">1.3.4)\u00a0userdel<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh x\u00f3a t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n user<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre>userdel [options] [login_name]<\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>Options :\n<ul>\n<li>-r\u00a0: x\u00f3a c\u1ea3 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c home c\u1ee7a user<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi x\u00f3a t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n user b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh\u00a0userdel\u00a0, d\u00f2ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a user trong t\u1eadp tin\u00a0\/etc\/passwd\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\/etc\/shadow\u00a0c\u0169ng b\u1ecb x\u00f3a .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"1.3.5)\u00a0chage\">1.3.5)\u00a0chage<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch (\u00a0policy\u00a0) cho user<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre>chage [options] [login_name]<\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>Options :\n<ul>\n<li>-l\u00a0: xem ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a 1 user<\/li>\n<li>-E\u00a0: thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ng\u00e0y h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n cho account<\/li>\n<li>-I\u00a0: thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ng\u00e0y b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a sau khi h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u ( \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng l\u00e0\u00a0YYYY-MM-DD\u00a0)<\/li>\n<li>-m\u00a0: thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i password<\/li>\n<li>-M\u00a0: thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i password<\/li>\n<li>-W\u00a0: thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>VD1:<\/p>\n<pre>\u00a0Xem policy c\u1ee7a user :<\/pre>\n<pre>chage -l jaden<\/pre>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/r8kFK64.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<pre><\/pre>\n<p>VD2:<\/p>\n<pre>\u00a0Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp policy c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n :<\/pre>\n<pre>chage -E 2019-08-30 -m 5 -M 90 -I 30 -W 14 jaden<\/pre>\n<p>=&gt; L\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean s\u1ebd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y\u00a030\/4\/2019\u00a0. Ngo\u00e0i ra , s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \/ t\u1ed1i \u0111a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u trong kho\u1ea3ng\u00a05\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a090\u00a0. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a sau\u00a030\u00a0ng\u00e0y sau khi h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n , v\u00e0 1 tin nh\u1eafn c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi ra\u00a014\u00a0ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u .<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/w9cNWQx.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<p>VD3:<\/p>\n<pre> Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1eaft ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u :<\/pre>\n<pre>chage -I -1 -m 0 -M 99999 -E -1 jaden<\/pre>\n<p>=&gt; L\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean s\u1ebd set \u201cPassword inactive\u201d -&gt;\u00a0never\u00a0( kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u ) ( th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1\u00a0-1\u00a0); s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \/ t\u1ed1i \u0111a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n (\u00a00\u00a0-&gt;\u00a099999\u00a0) ; T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n ( \u201cAccount expires\u201d -&gt;\u00a0never\u00a0) ( th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1\u00a0-1\u00a0) =&gt;\u00a0\u0110\u00c2Y L\u00c0 THI\u1ebeT L\u1eacP M\u1eb6C \u0110\u1ecaNH<\/p>\n<p>VD4:<\/p>\n<pre>\u00a0Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c user \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u trong l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp :<\/pre>\n<pre>chage -d 0 jaden<\/pre>\n<p>=&gt; L\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean s\u1ebd thi\u1ebft set \u201cLast Password Change\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201cPassword must be changed\u201d v\u00e0 user b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u ngay l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp .<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Efghpbn.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/MDnOG46.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"1.3.6)\u00a0id\">1.3.6)\u00a0id<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Xem th\u00f4ng tin user hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Ff82soj.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"1.3.7)\u00a0su\">1.3.7)\u00a0su<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i user l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb terminal .<\/li>\n<li>User\u00a0root\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c user kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u .<\/li>\n<li>User kh\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n qua user\u00a0root\u00a0th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp password c\u1ee7a user\u00a0root\u00a0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre>su -l [login_name]<\/pre>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/wTRBMzA.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"2)_Qu\u1ea3n_tr\u1ecb_Group\">2) Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Group<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Group l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u user .<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed7i group c\u00f3 1 t\u00ean duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 1 m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t (\u00a0gid\u00a0) .<\/li>\n<li>Khi t\u1ea1o ra 1 user ( kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng option\u00a0-g\u00a0) th\u00ec m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh 1 group mang t\u00ean user \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"2.1)_File\u00a0\/etc\/group\">2.1) File\u00a0\/etc\/group<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00e0 t\u1eadp tin v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c group tr\u00ean m\u00e1y .<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ecdi user \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eadp tin n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 user\u00a0root\u00a0m\u1edbi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i .<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed7i d\u00f2ng t\u1eadp tin ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 1 group tr\u00ean m\u00e1y , \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb , d\u1ea5u\u00a0:\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/B0BCYZG.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t :\n<ul>\n<li>1\u00a0\u2013 T\u00ean group<\/li>\n<li>2\u00a0\u2013 M\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u group \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ( v\u00ec c\u00f3 file\u00a0\/etc\/gshadow\u00a0) n\u00ean m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0\u00a0x<\/li>\n<li>3\u00a0\u2013 M\u00e3 nh\u00f3m (\u00a0gid\u00a0)<\/li>\n<li>4\u00a0\u2013 Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c user n\u1eb1m trong nh\u00f3m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"2.2)_File\u00a0\/etc\/gshadow\">2.2) File\u00a0\/etc\/gshadow<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin password c\u1ee7a group .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Vt6E9jd.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t :\n<ul>\n<li>1\u00a0\u2013 T\u00ean group<\/li>\n<li>2\u00a0\u2013 M\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u group \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng (\u00a0empty\u00a0) \u2013 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u<\/li>\n<li>3\u00a0\u2013 Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c user c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n admin tr\u00ean group n\u00e0y<\/li>\n<li>4\u00a0\u2013 Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c user c\u00f3 trong group<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"2.3)_C\u00e1c_l\u1ec7nh_qu\u1ea3n_l\u00fd_group\">2.3) C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd group<\/h3>\n<h3 id=\"2.3.1)\u00a0groupadd\">2.3.1)\u00a0groupadd<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh t\u1ea1o group .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre>groupadd [options] [group_name]<\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>Options :\n<ul>\n<li>-g [gid]\u00a0: \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u00f3m c\u00f9ng m\u00e3 nh\u00f3m (\u00a0gid\u00a0) -g [gid]\u00a0: \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u00f3m c\u00f9ng m\u00e3 nh\u00f3m (\u00a0gid\u00a0)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"2.3.2)\u00a0gpasswd\">2.3.2)\u00a0gpasswd<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1ea1o m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u cho group .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre>gpasswd [group_name]<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"2.3.3)\u00a0groupmod\">2.3.3)\u00a0groupmod<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh s\u1eeda th\u00f4ng tin group .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre>groupmod [options] [group_name]<\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>Options :\n<ul>\n<li>-g [gid]\u00a0: s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i m\u00e3 nh\u00f3m (\u00a0gid\u00a0)<\/li>\n<li>-n [group_name]\u00a0: s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i t\u00ean group<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"2.3.4)\u00a0groupdel\">2.3.4)\u00a0groupdel<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a 1 group .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre>groupdel [group_name]<\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"Thay_\u0111\u1ed5i_c\u00e1c_th\u00f4ng_s\u1ed1_m\u1eb7c_\u0111\u1ecbnh\">Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh\u00a0useradd\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0groupadd\u00a0, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft th\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a .<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c file sau :\n<ul>\n<li>\/etc\/login.defs\u00a0: file ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi t\u1ea1o user ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o group .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/eXfWfkP.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\/etc\/skel\/\u00a0: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng file v\u00e0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c con trong n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c copy sang th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c home c\u1ee7a user m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/XmDQICQ.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- #respond --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- .post --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1) Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Users Tr\u00ean Linux c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i user : User h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng User ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng User h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u00a0: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c module , script c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh . User ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u00a0: l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 login s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh . Trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":16424,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"ht_kb_category":[17],"class_list":["post-2810","ht_kb","type-ht_kb","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","ht_kb_category-huong-dan-ve-cloud-vps"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht_kb\/2810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht_kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/ht_kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2810"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht_kb\/2810\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2810"},{"taxonomy":"ht_kb_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht_kb_category?post=2810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}