{"id":110185,"date":"2021-08-14T22:27:30","date_gmt":"2021-08-14T15:27:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tino.org\/?p=3215"},"modified":"2021-08-14T22:27:30","modified_gmt":"2021-08-14T15:27:30","slug":"machine-learning-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/machine-learning-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Machine learning l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Machine learning"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Machine learning xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u00e0n s\u00f3ng\u201d c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00fd th\u00fa trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Machine learning l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m machine learning<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Machine learning (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y<\/em>) c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/a> (AI). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a n\u00e0o. Th\u00f4ng qua d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, Machine learning c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1edbi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"machine-learning-la-gi\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Machine learning \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Machine learning ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng doanh thu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Machine learning<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\n Machine learning l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1edfi Arthur Samuel v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1959. Samuel l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t IBMer ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 ki\u00eam nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ch\u01a1i game. N\u0103m 1960, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng qua cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nilsson, n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Machine learning hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m hai m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh: ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>V\u00ec sao Machine learning l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Machine learning mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Machine learning c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"machine-learning-la-gi\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0: Google, Facebook, Uber,…, \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, Machine learning ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Machine learning<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Machine learning l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y, Machine learning \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i: Machine learning \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, Machine learning kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, Machine learning b\u00e1n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 Machine learning t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Machine learning \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Machine learning \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p Machine learning c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0 r\u00e1c trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ri\u00eang. Nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u00e0: m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron, h\u1ed3i quy tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, h\u1ed3i quy logistic, m\u00e1y vect\u01a1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3,… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Machine learning kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Machine learning \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n. Nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u00f3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1ea9n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n ch\u00e9o,… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"machine-learning-la-gi\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, Machine learning kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n kh\u00e1c trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nay l\u00e0: ph\u00e2n c\u1ee5m k-mean, ph\u00e2n c\u1ee5m x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t, m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron,… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Machine learning b\u00e1n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0i h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. Machine learning b\u00e1n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Machine learning t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Machine learning t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e1i xe ho\u1eb7c ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Machine learning<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh\/khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Machine learning. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nh\u01b0: \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1p y, m\u1edf kh\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i,… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"machine-learning-la-gi\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\n T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i th\u00e0nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. Machine learning h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fang c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng qua gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c sau:\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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