{"id":114992,"date":"2025-06-17T13:14:00","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T06:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/?p=114992"},"modified":"2025-06-17T00:33:28","modified_gmt":"2025-06-16T17:33:28","slug":"cach-tao-file-htaccess-dung-chuan-cho-wordpress","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/cach-tao-file-htaccess-dung-chuan-cho-wordpress\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o file .htaccess \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n cho WordPress"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cho trang web c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c t\u1eadp tin h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp tin kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 .htaccess. V\u1eady .htaccess l\u00e0 g\u00ec? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o file .htaccess \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n cho WordPress.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u0110\u00f4i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 file .htaccess<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>File .htaccess l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

.htaccess<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp tin c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web ch\u1ea1y Apache<\/a>, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u HTTP m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n can thi\u1ec7p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a website, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n (permalinks<\/a>), chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng URL, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
File .htaccess l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

File .htaccess th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a website v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda linh ho\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 sai s\u00f3t n\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c sao l\u01b0u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a file .htaccess WordPress:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

# BEGIN WordPress\n\n<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>\n\nRewriteEngine On\n\nRewriteBase \/\n\nRewriteRule ^index\\.php$ - [L]\n\nRewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f\n\nRewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d\n\nRewriteRule . \/index.php [L]\n\n<\/IfModule>\n\n# END WordPress<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a file .htaccess<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>T\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n (Permalinks)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
File .htaccess gi\u00fap t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac URL \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trang web WordPress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>Chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng URL<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng .htaccess \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng (redirect) t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t URL c\u0169 sang URL m\u1edbi, t\u1eeb HTTP sang HTTPS ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac website ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
\"Ch\u1ee9c
Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a file .htaccess<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
File .htaccess cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp tin nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cho website.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng .htaccess \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c file quan tr\u1ecdng (nh\u01b0 wp-config.php), ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng brute-force ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c thi m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c upload.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>X\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
File .htaccess cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c trang l\u1ed7i t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 404 Not Found, 403 Forbidden) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng khi g\u1eb7p l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eadt t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (gzip compression) ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m (browser caching) th\u00f4ng qua .htaccess, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea3i trang v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 website.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd MIME Types<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
File .htaccess h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 khai b\u00e1o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7p tin (MIME types) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i file, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea3i n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>File .htaccess n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb \u1edf tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu website WordPress c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 NGINX, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y file .htaccess v\u00ec NGINX<\/a> kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ec7p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu website c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Apache, file .htaccess s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a website (public_html ho\u1eb7c www).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>C\u00e1ch t\u00ecm file .htaccess b\u1eb1ng FileZilla FTP<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp file .htaccess, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t FTP Client nh\u01b0 FileZilla v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/applications\/mamxbvhtce\/public_html<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
\"C\u00e1ch
C\u00e1ch t\u00ecm file .htaccess b\u1eb1ng FileZilla FTP<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y file .htaccess, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u1ea9n (do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng), ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec l\u00fd do b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb file .htaccess trong FileZilla, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1:<\/strong> Tr\u00ean thanh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a FileZilla, v\u00e0o Server<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: <\/strong>Ch\u1ecdn Force Showing Hidden Files<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: <\/strong>Sau khi b\u1eadt t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y, .htaccess s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong danh s\u00e1ch file.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
\"C\u00e1ch
C\u00e1ch t\u00ecm file .htaccess b\u1eb1ng FileZilla FTP<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>C\u00e1ch t\u00ecm file .htaccess b\u1eb1ng cPanel<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cPanel, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm file .htaccess:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1:<\/strong> \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o cPanel v\u00e0 m\u1edf File Manager<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2:<\/strong> \u1ede g\u00f3c tr\u00ean b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, nh\u1ea5n v\u00e0o n\u00fat Settings<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: <\/strong>Trong c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1eadt l\u00ean, t\u00edch ch\u1ecdn Show Hidden Files (dotfiles) <\/strong>\u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c file \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
\"C\u00e1ch
C\u00e1ch t\u00ecm file .htaccess b\u1eb1ng cPanel<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1ea5n Save<\/strong> v\u00e0 file .htaccess s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong File Manager.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
\"C\u00e1ch
C\u00e1ch t\u00ecm file .htaccess b\u1eb1ng cPanel<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>Nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda file .htaccess<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>Sao l\u01b0u file tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Lu\u00f4n sao l\u01b0u file .htaccess g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i. N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 file .htaccess, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a WordPress ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
File .htaccess ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00fang th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a website (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c public_html ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n WordPress).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp (file permission) c\u1ee7a .htaccess \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u1edf m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 644 . Quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda file trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
\"Nh\u1eefng
Nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda file .htaccess<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
File .htaccess r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00fa ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea9y (;) ho\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng sai v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn website ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng code v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>Kh\u00f4ng x\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a WordPress<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
WordPress t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0o file .htaccess \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Permalinks. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng x\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c ghi \u0111\u00e8 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n th\u00eam quy t\u1eafc m\u1edbi, h\u00e3y th\u00eam ch\u00fang sau c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a WordPress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 .htaccess r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u quy t\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. Ch\u1ec9 th\u00eam c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>Ki\u1ec3m tra sau khi ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Sau khi ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda file .htaccess, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra ngay website \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p l\u1ed7i “500 Internal Server Error”, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng do c\u00fa ph\u00e1p sai trong file .htaccess. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n sao l\u01b0u ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng live<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m (staging environment) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean website live. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
File .htaccess ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Apache. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Nginx ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c, .htaccess s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>C\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o file .htaccess \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n cho WordPress<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>T\u1ea1o file .htaccess th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n WordPress<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o .htaccess m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1:<\/strong> \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o WordPress Dashboard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: <\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t (Settings)<\/strong> -> \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u0129nh (Permalinks)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: <\/strong>Nh\u1ea5n v\u00e0o n\u00fat L\u01b0u thay \u0111\u1ed5i (Save Changes)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"
T\u1ea1o file .htaccess th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n WordPress<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, WordPress s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o file .htaccess trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a website. M\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, file n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd permalink, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng (redirects), b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m (caching), b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Apache.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>T\u1ea1o file .htaccess th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng cPanel<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cPanel, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o file .htaccess theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1:<\/strong> \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o cPanel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: <\/strong>M\u1edf File Manager<\/strong> t\u1eeb m\u1ee5c Files<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3:<\/strong> Nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o n\u00fat + File<\/strong> \u1edf g\u00f3c tr\u00ean b\u00ean tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
\"T\u1ea1o
T\u1ea1o file .htaccess th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng cPanel<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1eadt l\u00ean, nh\u1eadp t\u00ean file l\u00e0 \u201c.htaccess<\/strong>\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o file (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 public_html<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: <\/strong>Nh\u1ea5n Create New File<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>T\u1ea1o file .htaccess b\u1eb1ng SFTP ho\u1eb7c FTP Client (FileZilla)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o file .htaccess tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ea3i l\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1edf tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 Notepad++, Sublime Text ho\u1eb7c VS Code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t file m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 .htaccess (l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i htaccess).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sao ch\u00e9p \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 sau v\u00e0o file:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# BEGIN WordPress\n\n<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>\n\nRewriteEngine On\n\nRewriteBase \/\n\nRewriteRule ^index.php$ - [L]\n\nRewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f\n\nRewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d\n\nRewriteRule . \/index.php [L]\n\n<\/IfModule>\n\n# END WordPress<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>C\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda file .htaccess trong WordPress<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda file .htaccess b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng File Manager, FTP Client ho\u1eb7c cPanel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda file .htaccess b\u1eb1ng FTP Client (FileZilla)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1:<\/strong> \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o FileZilla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: <\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c public_html v\u00e0 t\u00ecm file .htaccess.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
\"T\u1ea1o
T\u1ea1o file .htaccess b\u1eb1ng SFTP ho\u1eb7c FTP Client (FileZilla)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: <\/strong>Nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o file v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn View\/Edit<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf trong tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
\"T\u1ea1o
T\u1ea1o file .htaccess b\u1eb1ng SFTP ho\u1eb7c FTP Client (FileZilla)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u01b0u file l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, h\u00e3y thay th\u1ebf file c\u0169 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u00e9o th\u1ea3 file m\u1edbi v\u00e0o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c public_html tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda file .htaccess b\u1eb1ng cPanel<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda file .htaccess th\u00f4ng qua cPanel, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1:<\/strong> \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o cPanel c\u1ee7a hosting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: <\/strong>M\u1edf File Manager trong ph\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eadp tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: <\/strong>\u0110i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c public_html<\/strong>, t\u00ecm file .htaccess.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o file v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn Edit <\/strong>\u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
Th\u00eam m\u00e3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, caching) v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f2ng # BEGIN WordPress<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
\"Ch\u1ec9nh
Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda file .htaccess b\u1eb1ng cPanel<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 4:<\/strong> L\u01b0u l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra website \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
File .htaccess \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt website WordPress. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda file n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap website ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i trang v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 .htaccess v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho website WordPress c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t
C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda file .htaccess kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t
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C\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c plugin nh\u01b0 Yoast SEO, WP Rocket, ho\u1eb7c All In One WP Security \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda .htaccess m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thao t\u00e1c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t
T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong .htaccess kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t
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C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t file .htaccess kh\u00e1c \u1edf c\u1ea5p th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c con ghi \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • File .htaccess kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c g\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Module mod_rewrite ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Apache.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Hosting c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Nginx thay v\u00ec Apache (.htaccess kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean Nginx).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t
    T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed7i "500 Internal Server Error" sau khi ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda .htaccess. Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\n\n
    L\u1ed7i “500 Internal Server Error” th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra do c\u00fa ph\u00e1p sai trong file .htaccess. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng code trong file .htaccess \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i c\u00fa ph\u00e1p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c file .htaccess t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n sao l\u01b0u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n sao l\u01b0u, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean file .htaccess th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00ean kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: .htaccess_old) \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a n\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i website.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t
      C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o file .htaccess b\u1eb1ng notepad r\u1ed3i up l\u00ean cPanel kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\n\n
      C\u00f3, b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o file .htaccess b\u1eb1ng Notepad (ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c) v\u00e0 upload l\u00ean cPanel . \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda file m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\n