{"id":16012,"date":"2025-06-17T16:36:20","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T09:36:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.tinohost.com\/?p=7153"},"modified":"2025-06-17T16:36:20","modified_gmt":"2025-06-17T09:36:20","slug":"tcp-ip-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/tcp-ip-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"TCP\/IP l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a TCP\/IP"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao ti\u1ebfp qua ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef g\u1ed3m l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, &#8230; V\u1eady, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh &#8220;giao ti\u1ebfp&#8221; v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Internet b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c g\u00ec? M\u00e1y t\u00ednh &#8220;giao ti\u1ebfp&#8221; th\u00f4ng qua TCP\/IP. TCP\/IP l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP ra sao?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"T\u00ecm_hi\u1ec3u_v\u1ec1_TCP\/IP\"><a id=\"post-7153-_6f4d1pys4y3w\"><\/a><strong>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 TCP\/IP<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"_TCP\/IP_l\u00e0_g\u00ec?\"><a id=\"post-7153-_ot7vvcd3il0f\"><\/a><strong> <strong>TCP\/IP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TCP\/IP<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c (protocol) \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u00ean Internet. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, TCP\/IP ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u00f4ng tin (g\u00f3i tin), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, TCP\/IP kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 1 giao th\u1ee9c duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a 2 giao th\u1ee9c\/ th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>TCP <\/strong>l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a <strong>Transmission Control Protocol<\/strong>, t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: <em>Giao th\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IP <\/strong>l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a <strong>Internet Protocol<\/strong>, t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: <em>Giao th\u1ee9c Internet<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, TCP\/IP l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 2 giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/tcp-ip-concept-cell-blurred-background-d-illustration-107790930-750x375.jpg\" alt=\"tcp-ip-la-gi\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"L\u1ecbch_s\u1eed_ph\u00e1t_tri\u1ec3n_c\u1ee7a_TCP\/IP\"><strong>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a TCP\/IP<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a TCP\/IP ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn <em>B\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c li\u00ean m\u1ea1ng<\/em> trong <strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.darpa.mil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><strong>DARPA <\/strong><\/a><\/strong>v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1970.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u0103m 1975, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP v\u00e0 IP di\u1ec5n ra v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u0103m 1978, theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng M\u1ef9, sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bob_Kahn\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bob_Kahn\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bob Kahn<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vint_Cerf\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vint_Cerf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vint Cerf<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m TCP\/IP. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP Version 4 &#8211; b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u0103m 1982, B\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng M\u1ef9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"C\u1ea5u_tr\u00fac_c\u1ee7a_TCP\/IP\"><a id=\"post-7153-_ufhg86pvf486\"><\/a><strong>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a TCP\/IP<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a TCP\/IP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1.<br>\u0110\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng, TCP\/IP ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 4 l\u1edbp\/t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/TCPmodel.png\" alt=\"tcp-ip-la-gi\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"L\u1edbp_k\u1ebft_n\u1ed1i_(link_layer)_\"><a id=\"post-7153-_6ozygfaq90av\"><\/a><strong>L\u1edbp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (link layer) <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u0103n TCP\/IP, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay t\u1ea7ng giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng.<br><strong>Link Layer<\/strong> bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, truy nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd qua c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, l\u1edbp n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Ethernet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"L\u1edbp_Internet_(IP)\"><a id=\"post-7153-_gt5doa9008hw\"><\/a><strong>L\u1edbp Internet (IP)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1edbp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng M\u1ea1ng.<br><strong>L\u1edbp Internet<\/strong> s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n g\u00f3i tin tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IP &#8211; Internet Protocol<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ICMP-Internet Control Message Protocol<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IGMP- Internet Group Message Protocol<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"L\u1edbp_truy\u1ec1n_t\u1ea3i_(transport_layer)_(TCP)_\"><a id=\"post-7153-_2jztjp9yqs3v\"><\/a><strong>L\u1edbp truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i (transport layer) (TCP) <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n giao ti\u1ebfp m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn.<br><strong>L\u1edbp truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i <\/strong>s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa 2 tr\u1ea1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp tr\u00ean. L\u1edbp n\u00e0y c\u00f3 2 giao th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>TCP &#8211; Transmission Control Protocol:<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa 2 tr\u1ea1m nh\u1edd nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin \u1edf t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, b\u00e1o nh\u1eadn g\u00f3i tin, \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u1eddi gian timeout \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u00ean nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi \u0111i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>UDP &#8211; User Datagram Protocol<\/strong>: g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1m n\u00e0y t\u1edbi tr\u1ea1m kia m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"L\u1edbp_\u1ee9ng_d\u1ee5ng_(application_layer)\"><a id=\"post-7153-_a7ti954lq50i\"><\/a><strong>L\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (application layer)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, HTTP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/world-wide-web-la-gi\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"15768\">World Wide Web (www)<\/a>.<br><strong>L\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/telnet-la-gi\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"8764\">Telnet<\/a> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb xa, <a href=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/ftp-server-la-gi\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"324\">FTP-File Transport Protocol<\/a> h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ec7p tin, &#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"Nguy\u00ean_l\u00fd_ho\u1ea1t_\u0111\u1ed9ng_c\u1ee7a_TCP\/IP_\"><a id=\"post-7153-_qbmmcro3mq47\"><\/a><strong>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a TCP\/IP <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"TCP\/IP_ho\u1ea1t_\u0111\u1ed9ng_nh\u01b0_th\u1ebf_n\u00e0o?\"><a id=\"post-7153-_urc0x3we9f0d\"><\/a><strong>TCP\/IP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 g\u00f3i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i qua tr\u1ea1m, TCP s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n cho m\u1ed7i g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u00f3.<br>N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u00f3i tin b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i, m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i g\u00f3i tin kh\u00e1c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n do s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a 4 l\u1edbp trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP.<br>L\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c li\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, giao th\u1ee9c IP s\u1ebd th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/TCP-IP-la-gi.jpg\" alt=\"tcp-ip-la-gi\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"TCP\/IP_mang_\u0111\u1ebfn_l\u1ee3i_\u00edch_g\u00ec_cho_ng\u01b0\u1eddi_d\u00f9ng?\"><a id=\"post-7153-_v7vqieoipyth\"><\/a><strong>TCP\/IP mang \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1edd m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Linh ho\u1ea1t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng do TCP\/IP kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0o<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1ng v\u00ec TCP\/IP l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"So_s\u00e1nh_gi\u1eefa_m\u00f4_h\u00ecnh_TCP\/IP_v\u00e0_OSI\"><strong>So s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP v\u00e0 OSI<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"67934\">OSI<\/a><\/strong> l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a <strong>Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model<\/strong>, t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: <em>m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tham chi\u1ebfu k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf. <\/em>\u0110\u00e2y  l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chia giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh 7 l\u1edbp. Trong \u0111\u00f3: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u1edbp 1 &#8211; 4<\/strong>: l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u1edbp 5 &#8211; 7<\/strong>: l\u1edbp cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 ri\u00eang, tham gia v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i m\u1eafc x\u00edch truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0110i\u1ec3m so s\u00e1nh<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>TCP\/IP<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>OSI<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/td><td>So v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI, giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n. TCP\/IP kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1eaft khe c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, TCP\/IP c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung.<\/td><td>\u00cdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/strong><\/td><td>Chi\u1ec1u ngang<\/td><td>Chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>C\u00e1ch giao ti\u1ebfp \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng<\/strong><\/td><td>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/td><td>M\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng 1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/strong><\/td><td>Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o giao th\u1ee9c&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/td><td>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n giao th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh sau<\/td><td>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1ng sau<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"C\u00e1c_giao_th\u1ee9c_TCP\/IP_ph\u1ed5_bi\u1ebfn_hi\u1ec7n_nay\"><a id=\"post-7153-_1jbpycbyhklu\"><\/a><strong>C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"HTTP_&#8211;_HyperText_Transfer_Protocol\"><a id=\"post-7153-_14o0mji6nrsw\"><\/a><strong>HTTP &#8211; HyperText Transfer Protocol<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt gi\u1eefa 1 web client v\u00e0 1 web server. Nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c file \u1ea3nh, t\u1ec7p HTML,\u2026<br>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0: M\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t Internet tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (web client) g\u1eedi 1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1edbi 1 web server \u0111\u1ec3 xem 1 trang web. Khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng tin trang web v\u1ec1 cho tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t Internet \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"HTTPS_&#8211;_Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol_Secure\"><a id=\"post-7153-_d7udgqh6y2fo\"><\/a><strong>HTTPS &#8211; Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>HTTPS <\/strong>l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a <strong>Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure<\/strong>, giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1edfi 1 web client v\u00e0 1 web server. Giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa <a href=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/ssl-certificate-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SSL<\/a> v\u00e0 TLS.<br>Giao th\u1ee9c HTTPS th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb 1 web client (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t Internet tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh) \u0111\u1ebfn 1 web server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"FTP_&#8211;_File_Transfer_Protocol\"><a id=\"post-7153-_vvg05pubibr\"><\/a><strong>FTP &#8211; File Transfer Protocol<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng gi\u1eefa 2 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1edbi nhau qua Internet. <a href=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/tao-tai-khoan-ftp-tren-he-thong-tinohost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">FTP<\/a> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean hai c\u1ed5ng l\u00e0 20 v\u00e0 21. Nh\u1edd FTP, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y client trong m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<br>D\u00f9 \u0111ang \u1edf xa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <a href=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/filezilla-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"15748\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">FileZilla <\/a>\u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi server web b\u1eb1ng giao th\u1ee9c FTP nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nguyen-ly-tcpip-640x375.jpg\" alt=\"tcp-ip-la-gi\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>V\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 \u00edch nh\u01b0: c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng\/l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a TCP\/IP, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a TCP\/IP v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng giao th\u1ee9c \u0111ang r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Tino Group hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"Nh\u1eefng_c\u00e2u_h\u1ecfi_th\u01b0\u1eddng_g\u1eb7p_v\u1ec1_TCP\/IP\"><a id=\"post-7153-_rv10juspu2p2\"><\/a><strong>Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 TCP\/IP<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\t\t<section\t\thelp class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"N\u00ean_ch\u1ecdn_m\u00f4_h\u00ecnh_TCP\/IP_hay_OSI?\">N\u00ean ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP hay OSI?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng &#8220;n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng&#8221; gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, TCP\/IP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o cao, OSI s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh &#8220;chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9nh&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section\t\thelp class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"TCP\/IP_kh\u00e1c_bi\u1ec7t_g\u00ec_so_v\u1edbi_Ethernet?\">TCP\/IP kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t g\u00ec so v\u1edbi Ethernet?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>TCP\/IP m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n chia th\u00f4ng tin th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i, theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n g\u00f3i tin. Trong khi Ethernet l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1ea1ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0o tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng (node) ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i. M\u1ed7i node s\u1ebd ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c.<br>Ethernet l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c cho Network Layer trong TCP\/IP stack. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t segment m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 ra tr\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, TCP\/IP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp OSI \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp. TCP\/IP cho ph\u00e9p hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section\t\thelp class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"D\u1eef_li\u1ec7u_truy\u1ec1n_v\u00e0o_c\u00e1c_l\u1edbp_c\u00f3_gi\u1ed1ng_nhau_kh\u00f4ng?\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>\u1ede m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u1edbp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (link layer): d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <strong>Frame<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1edbp Internet (IP): d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 IP g\u1eedi xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <strong>IP Datagram<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1edbp truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i (transport layer) (TCP): \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u TCP g\u1eedi xu\u1ed1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <strong>TCP segment<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (application layer): d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <strong>Stream<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section\t\thelp class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"Giao_th\u1ee9c_n\u00e0o_\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c_s\u1eed_d\u1ee5ng_\u1edf_m\u1ed7i_l\u1edbp_trong_m\u00f4_h\u00ecnh_TCP\/IP?\">Giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, giao th\u1ee9c \u1edf l\u1edbp cao h\u01a1n d\u00f9ng giao th\u1ee9c \u1edf l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u1edbp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (link layer): Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Token Ring, FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1edbp Internet (IP): IP g\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch, ICMP th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, &#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1edbp truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i (transport layer) (TCP): TCP \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tin c\u1eady, UDP t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, &#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (application layer): FTP truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c file <a href=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/bang-ma-ascii-la-gi\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"39182\">ASCII<\/a> ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n theo 2 chi\u1ec1u, SMTP ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, HTTP truy\u1ec1n n\u1ed9i dung gi\u1eefa client v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/server-la-gi\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"57087\">server<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/dns-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">DNS<\/a> h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 truy nh\u1eadp Internet, &#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n\t{\n\t\t\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n\t\t\"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n\t\t\"mainEntity\": [\n\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"N\u00ean ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP hay OSI?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \\\"n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng\\\" gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, TCP\/IP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p><p>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o cao, OSI s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \\\"chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9nh\\\".<\/p>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"TCP\/IP kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t g\u00ec so v\u1edbi Ethernet?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<p>TCP\/IP m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n chia th\u00f4ng tin th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i, theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n g\u00f3i tin. Trong khi Ethernet l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1ea1ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0o tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng (node) ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i. M\u1ed7i node s\u1ebd ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c.<br>Ethernet l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c cho Network Layer trong TCP\/IP stack. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t segment m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 ra tr\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, TCP\/IP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp OSI \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp. TCP\/IP cho ph\u00e9p hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"D\u1eef li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau kh\u00f4ng?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<p>\u1ede m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0:<\/p><ul><li>L\u1edbp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (link layer): d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <strong>Frame<\/strong>.<\/li><li>L\u1edbp Internet (IP): d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 IP g\u1eedi xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <strong>IP Datagram<\/strong>.<\/li><li>L\u1edbp truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i (transport layer) (TCP): \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u TCP g\u1eedi xu\u1ed1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <strong>TCP segment<\/strong>.<\/li><li>L\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (application layer): d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <strong>Stream<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<p>Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, giao th\u1ee9c \u1edf l\u1edbp cao h\u01a1n d\u00f9ng giao th\u1ee9c \u1edf l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p><ul><li>L\u1edbp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (link layer): Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Token Ring, FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)<\/li><li>L\u1edbp Internet (IP): IP g\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch, ICMP th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, ...<\/li><li>L\u1edbp truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i (transport layer) (TCP): TCP \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tin c\u1eady, UDP t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, ...<\/li><li>L\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (application layer): FTP truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c file <a>ASCII<\/a> ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n theo 2 chi\u1ec1u, SMTP ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, HTTP truy\u1ec1n n\u1ed9i dung gi\u1eefa client v\u00e0 <a>server<\/a>, <a>DNS<\/a> h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 truy nh\u1eadp Internet, ...<\/li><\/ul>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t]\n\t}\n<\/script>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao ti\u1ebfp qua ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef g\u1ed3m l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, &#8230; V\u1eady, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh &#8220;giao ti\u1ebfp&#8221; v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Internet b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c g\u00ec? M\u00e1y t\u00ednh &#8220;giao ti\u1ebfp&#8221; th\u00f4ng qua TCP\/IP. TCP\/IP l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP ra sao? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 TCP\/IP [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":45813,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7374],"tags":[6378],"class_list":["post-16012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kien-thuc-co-ban","tag-mang-may-tinh-va-internet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16012"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16012\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":107919,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16012\/revisions\/107919"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45813"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}