{"id":16040,"date":"2022-02-04T15:21:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-04T08:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.tinohost.com\/?p=7314"},"modified":"2024-01-12T14:50:30","modified_gmt":"2024-01-12T07:50:30","slug":"nat-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/nat-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"NAT l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh NAT ra Internet nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef NAT. V\u1eady ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c NAT l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NAT kh\u00f4ng? NAT c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n b\u1eadt m\u00ed to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 NAT. M\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u00e9!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"T\u00ecm_hi\u1ec3u_\u0111\u00f4i_n\u00e9t_v\u1ec1_NAT\"><strong>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f4i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 NAT<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/strong> <strong>b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 NAT &#8211; Network address translation<\/strong>. N\u1ebfu \u0111ang t\u00ecm thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb NAS (th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecdc hay t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1ea7m th\u00e0nh NAT), b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm t\u1eeb kho\u00e1 l\u00e0: <strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef NAS<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c<strong> Network Attached Storage<\/strong> nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"NAT_l\u00e0_g\u00ec?\"><strong>NAT l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh: <strong>Network address translation<\/strong>, t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: <em>Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/nat-la-gi-01.webp\" alt=\"nat-duoc-dung-trong-mang-noi-bo\" class=\"wp-image-84316\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/nat-la-gi-01.webp 700w, https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/nat-la-gi-01-300x171.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">NAT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Network Address Translation (NAT) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, NAT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng khai duy nh\u1ea5t cho nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp Internet th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng khai, NAT s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng trong g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP duy nh\u1ea5t, gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng khai, t\u0103ng t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea9n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea1ng Internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"Nguy\u00ean_l\u00fd_ho\u1ea1t_\u0111\u1ed9ng_c\u1ee7a_NAT_l\u00e0_g\u00ec?\"><strong>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a NAT l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>NAT th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i t\u1ea7ng Network c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Static NAT<\/strong>: \u00c1nh x\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh sang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng khai duy nh\u1ea5t. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Internet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dynamic NAT<\/strong>: \u00c1nh x\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 sang m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng khai. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng khai c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PAT (Port Address Translation)<\/strong>: Lo\u1ea1i NAT ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, n\u00f3 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng khai duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. PAT s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>NAT \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb Internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"C\u00f3_n\u00ean_s\u1eed_d\u1ee5ng_NAT?\"><strong>C\u00f3 n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NAT?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"T\u00ednh_n\u0103ng_c\u1ee7a_NAT\"><strong>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a NAT<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a NAT l\u00e0<strong> truy\u1ec1n g\u00f3i tin<\/strong> t\u1eeb l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y sang l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, NAT s\u1ebd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP b\u00ean trong g\u00f3i tin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111i qua router v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng internet (public) quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i NAT, NAT s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin IP m\u00e1y t\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn NAT c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 <strong>b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Khi \u0111ang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet m\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP public (\u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf cho IP m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/nat-la-gi-02.webp\" alt=\"nat-co-nhieu-tinh-nang-manh-me\" class=\"wp-image-84317\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/nat-la-gi-02.webp 700w, https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/nat-la-gi-02-300x171.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">NAT c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"\u01afu_\u0111i\u1ec3m_v\u00e0_h\u1ea1n_ch\u1ebf_c\u1ee7a_NAT\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a NAT<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"\u01afu_\u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4:<\/strong> Nguy c\u01a1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 <a href=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/so-sanh-ipv4-va-ipv6\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"45063\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IPv4 <\/a>r\u1ea5t cao v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp Internet \u0111ang d\u1ea7n t\u0103ng. NAT s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u00fap<strong> che gi\u1ea5u IP<\/strong> b\u00ean trong m\u1ea1ng LAN.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean Internet:<\/strong> NAT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ea1ng LAN ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP public duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng <strong>l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin<\/strong> \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a IP public \u0111\u1ebfn 1 port b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"H\u1ea1n_ch\u1ebf\"><strong>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng Internet<\/strong>: Khi d\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt NAT, CPU s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP. Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 trong c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh switching.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm:<\/strong> NAT c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP trong m\u1ea1ng LAN. Do \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c IP ho\u1eb7c truy t\u00ecm d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i tin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec NAT gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u00ean s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho&nbsp; v\u00e0i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IP kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"M\u1ed9t_s\u1ed1_thu\u1eadt_ng\u1eef_li\u00ean_quan_\u0111\u1ebfn_NAT\"><strong>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn NAT<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"\u0110\u1ecba_ch\u1ec9_IP_Private\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (m\u1ea1ng LAN) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc,\u2026 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 1 IP Private ri\u00eang. Th\u00f4ng qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng router, c\u00e1c IP Private trong c\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng LAN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c IP Private kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng Internet b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public th\u00f4ng qua k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt NAT, c\u00e1c IP Private m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng Internet b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"\u0110\u1ecba_ch\u1ec9_Public_(IP_Public)&nbsp;\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Public (IP Public)&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a IP Public l\u00e0 IP ngo\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ea1ng Internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"\u0110\u1ecba_ch\u1ec9_inside_local\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 inside local<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho 1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u1edf m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi NIC (Network Information Center) hay nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0<a href=\"https:\/\/tinohost.com\/?\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/tinohost.com\/?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> TinoHost.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/nat-la-gi-03.webp\" alt=\"inside-local-la-dia-chi-ip-duoc-gan-cho-thiet-bi-o-mang-noi-bo\" class=\"wp-image-84318\" style=\"width:700px;height:auto\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/nat-la-gi-03.webp 700w, https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/nat-la-gi-03-300x171.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Inside Local l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u1edf m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"\u0110\u1ecba_ch\u1ec9_inside_global\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 inside global<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u1ea1i NIC. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 inside global th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP inside local.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"\u0110\u1ecba_ch\u1ec9_outside_local\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 outside local<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1ng b\u00ean trong s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u00e0y.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 outside local kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u1edbi NIC m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Private.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"\u0110\u1ecba_ch\u1ec9_outside_global\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 outside global<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t cho m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ea1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t IP h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Internet. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"C\u1ea5u_h\u00ecnh_NAT_ra_Internet_nh\u01b0_th\u1ebf_n\u00e0o?\"><strong>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh NAT ra Internet nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i NAT kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"Static_NAT_&#8211;_NAT_t\u0129nh\"><strong>Static NAT &#8211; NAT t\u0129nh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c NAT 1 \u0111\u1ed5i 1. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong LAN s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u00f3i tin \u0111i ra Internet.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a NAT t\u0129nh l\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t IP trong LAN ra m\u1ed9t IP Public \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea9n IP ngu\u1ed3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i ra Internet. Thao t\u00e1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"Dynamic_NAT_&#8211;_NAT_\u0111\u1ed9ng\"><strong>Dynamic NAT &#8211; NAT \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m IP Public cho NAT t\u0129nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LAN \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p NAT c\u1ea3 d\u1ea3i IP trong LAN ra m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i IP Public c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, thay v\u00ec \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 t\u1eebng IP c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong LAN ra t\u1eebng IP Public c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/nat-la-gi-04.webp\" alt=\"moi-loai-nat-khac-nhau-se-can-duoc-cau-hinh-khac-nhau\" class=\"wp-image-84319\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/nat-la-gi-04.webp 700w, https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/nat-la-gi-04-300x171.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i NAT kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"PAT_&#8211;_NAT_Overload&nbsp;\"><strong>PAT &#8211; NAT Overload&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c Modem ADSL.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t PAT l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p IP Public v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u c\u1ed5ng (port) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i ra Internet. L\u00fac n\u00e0y m\u1ed7i IP trong LAN khi \u0111i ra Internet s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 ra m\u1ed9t IP Public k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u c\u1ed5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a NAT l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng nh\u1edd \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u00f3i tin \u0111i ra Internet&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh NAT Overload nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 NAT l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng NAT mang l\u1ea1i cho m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5y! N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ebft b\u00e0i m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm t\u1eeb kho\u00e1 &#8220;Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef NAS&#8221; nh\u00e9! Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NAT th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"Nh\u1eefng_c\u00e2u_h\u1ecfi_th\u01b0\u1eddng_g\u1eb7p\"><strong>Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\t\t<section\t\thelp class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"Ph\u00e2n_bi\u1ec7t_IP_Private_v\u00e0_IP_Public_b\u1eb1ng_c\u00e1ch_n\u00e0o?\">Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t IP Private v\u00e0 IP Public b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-7cea4d84-cd2d-4d00-b769-3e85dd07a57f\">\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p: <\/strong>IP Public l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, IP Private c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c IP Public kh\u00e1c nhau.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ea1ng Internet. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng LAN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh IP Private theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section\t\thelp class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"C\u00f3_th\u1ec3_d\u00f9ng_c\u00e1c_l\u1ec7nh_n\u00e0o_\u0111\u1ec3_ki\u1ec3m_tra_c\u1ea5u_h\u00ecnh_NAT?\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh NAT?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u1ea3ng NAT \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh: <strong>R#show ip nat translation<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a NAT,&nbsp; d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh: <strong>R#show ip nat statistics<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mu\u1ed1n x\u00f3a b\u1ea3ng NAT,&nbsp; d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh: <strong>R#clear ip nat translation<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a NAT, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i NAT b\u1edfi router, d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh: <strong>R#debug ip nat<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section\t\thelp class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"NAT_ho\u1ea1t_\u0111\u1ed9ng_nh\u01b0_th\u1ebf_n\u00e0o?\">NAT ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, NAT h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ri\u00eang l\u1ebb nh\u01b0 router ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n gi\u1eefa internet v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section\t\thelp class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"NAT_c\u00f3_h\u1ed7_tr\u1ee3_c\u00e2n_b\u1eb1ng_t\u1ea3i_TCP_cho_m\u00e1y_ch\u1ee7_trong_m\u1ea1ng_n\u1ed9i_b\u1ed9_hay_kh\u00f4ng?\">NAT c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i TCP cho m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p> C\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb t\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7\/ server m\u1edbi nhau. <\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n\t{\n\t\t\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n\t\t\"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n\t\t\"mainEntity\": [\n\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t IP Private v\u00e0 IP Public b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<ul><li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p: <\/strong>IP Public l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, IP Private c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c IP Public kh\u00e1c nhau.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>T\u00ednh t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ea1ng Internet. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng LAN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh IP Private theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/li><\/ul>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh NAT?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<ul><li>Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u1ea3ng NAT \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh: <strong>R#show ip nat translation<\/strong><\/li><li>Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a NAT,&nbsp; d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh: <strong>R#show ip nat statistics<\/strong><\/li><li>Mu\u1ed1n x\u00f3a b\u1ea3ng NAT,&nbsp; d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh: <strong>R#clear ip nat translation<\/strong><\/li><li>Mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a NAT, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i NAT b\u1edfi router, d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh: <strong>R#debug ip nat<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"NAT ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<p>V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, NAT h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ri\u00eang l\u1ebb nh\u01b0 router ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n gi\u1eefa internet v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"NAT c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i TCP cho m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 hay kh\u00f4ng?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<p> C\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb t\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7\/ server m\u1edbi nhau. <\/p>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t]\n\t}\n<\/script>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef NAT. V\u1eady ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c NAT l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NAT kh\u00f4ng? NAT c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n b\u1eadt m\u00ed to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 NAT. M\u1eddi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":84320,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5404],"tags":[6706],"class_list":["post-16040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-webmasters","tag-kien-thuc-lap-trinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16040","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16040"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16040\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16040"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16040"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}