{"id":1741,"date":"2024-06-07T14:31:02","date_gmt":"2024-06-07T07:31:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.tinohost.com\/?p=1741"},"modified":"2025-06-16T16:34:55","modified_gmt":"2025-06-16T09:34:55","slug":"application-server-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/application-server-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Application server l\u00e0 g\u00ec? S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Application server v\u00e0 Web server"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng web ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t server \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? V\u1eady, m\u1ed9t Application server chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n\/ doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5y! Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Application server l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Application server nh\u00e9!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Application server<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Application server l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Application server hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 App server<\/strong>, t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/em>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ng. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, gi\u00fap x\u1eed l\u00fd logic nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"application-server-la-gi\"
Application server l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn (mainframe) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m truy c\u1eadp (terminal). Nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 l\u1edbn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 60 l\u00e0 th\u1eadp ni\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh mini. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh mini nh\u1ecf, y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 l\u1edbn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m truy c\u1eadp v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 80, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng x\u00f4n xao v\u00ec s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f2n \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u2013 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u2013 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1m, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1m \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Internet v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 90, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Application server<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u00f5i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (Application Server Core)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt,… M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00f5i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m JBoss AS, WebSphere Application Server, WebLogic Server, GlassFish Server,…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Container \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (Application Container)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed7i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, gi\u00fap c\u00f4 l\u1eadp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c container \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m Java EE containers (EJB, Servlet, JSP), .NET Framework<\/a> containers, Ruby on Rails containers, PHP containers,…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Access Services)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m JDBC, ADO.NET, Hibernate, DataMapper,…<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"cac-thanh-phan-chinh-cua-mot-application-server\"
C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Application server<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch (Transaction Management Services)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (ACID) cho c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, gi\u00fap d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m JTA, .NET Enterprise Services (COM+), Spring Framework Transactions,…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt (Security Services)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng,…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd (Management Services)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m JMX, Windows Server Performance Monitor, Nagios, Zabbix,…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n