{"id":2912,"date":"2021-08-07T18:23:02","date_gmt":"2021-08-07T11:23:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tino.org\/?p=2912"},"modified":"2021-08-07T18:23:02","modified_gmt":"2021-08-07T11:23:02","slug":"cach-mang-cong-nghiep-lan-thu-3-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/cach-mang-cong-nghiep-lan-thu-3-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cb\u1ee9c tranh\u201d v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c gam m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua 4 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn, trong \u0111\u00f3, C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edf ra th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\n C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/em> (Digital Revolution<\/strong>) hay c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng 3.0<\/em>. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1950 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean Th\u00f4ng tin.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng 3.0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i do c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"cach-mang-cong-nghiep-lan-thu-3-la-gi\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t, logic k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, IC (chip m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p), MOSFET,… M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 nh\u01b0: Internet, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1,…\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kinh doanh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/strong>C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\n C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng M\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/em> hay C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng S\u1ed1<\/em>.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng-l\u00e2m-th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Hydro v\u00e0 Internet, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xanh. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"cach-mang-cong-nghiep-lan-thu-3-la-gi\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

<\/a>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1947 – 1979<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\n N\u0103m 1947, b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1950, 1960, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u World Wide Web ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980s<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\n Trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean n\u00e0y, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 quen thu\u1ed9c. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c nhau. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ra m\u1eaft.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1990 – 1992<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\n T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, Internet \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh. M\u1ea1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 m\u1ef9 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>N\u0103m 2000<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\n C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng l\u1edbn, lan r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Internet ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010 \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, Internet c\u0169ng chi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 25% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chu\u1ea9n trong giao ti\u1ebfp. N\u0103m 2015 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/a>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kinh doanh tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"cach-mang-cong-nghiep-lan-thu-3-la-gi\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Internet<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\n \u201cK\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3\u201d ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1974 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 Internet mang l\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo Wikipedia, c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 3 t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Internet (46,64%) n\u0103m 2017. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u201cc\u01b0 d\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng\u201d hay \u201cc\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1ng\u201d d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean quen thu\u1ed9c h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Internet.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>SMAC<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

SMAC l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb: Social Media<\/a> (M\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i), Mobile (C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 di \u0111\u1ed9ng), Analytics (C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch), Cloud (\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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