{"id":3006,"date":"2021-08-13T17:35:20","date_gmt":"2021-08-13T10:35:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tino.org\/?p=3006"},"modified":"2025-06-10T11:29:47","modified_gmt":"2025-06-10T04:29:47","slug":"blockchain-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Blockchain trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Blockchain tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft tinh b\u1edfi t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/a> c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 Blockchain<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\n Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, Blockchain ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n di\u1ec5n ra an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 trung gian n\u00e0o nh\u01b0: ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean th\u1ee9 3.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"blockchain-la-gi\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh Blockchain l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u201ckh\u1ed1i\u201d (block), m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u chu\u1ed7i, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u201cl\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi\u201d s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00e1y. T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Genesis Block (Kh\u1ed1i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y).\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Blockchain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e0u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 gian l\u1eadn v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Blockchain th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Public<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Blockchain m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Public Blockchain, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n s\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn, h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n n\u00fat tham gia \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch. V\u00ec v\u1eady, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c hacker t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Blockchain n\u00e0y. Bitcoin v\u00e0 Ethereum l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 Public Blockchain.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Private<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Private Blockchain, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba (r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady). Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean Blockchain.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"blockchain-la-gi\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Private Blockchain di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00e1 nhanh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tham gia x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Private Blockchain l\u00e0 Ripple.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Consortium<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\n \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Private Blockchain nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb Private Blockchain v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Public Blockchain.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n Blockchain<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\n Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tr\u00ean Blockchain t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i theo d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb. C\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng. Blockchain t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u phi t\u1eadp trung n\u00ean c\u00e1c hacker r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Blockchain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp ch\u00fang khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\n L\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tinh n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, Blockchain cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1ed1ng nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, Blockchain kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u201cth\u1ebf l\u1ef1c\u201d n\u00e0o. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Blockchain.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"blockchain-la-gi\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>T\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch cao, kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\n Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Blockchain c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m tra 10 ph\u00fat m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang trong m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i, c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, khi b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean Blockchain c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ghi \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u00fat<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\n Blockchain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u00fat. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00fat ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng Blockchain. Ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng client \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch. Nh\u1eefng n\u00fat n\u00e0y s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a Blockchain v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea3i khi tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\n V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Blockchain c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i Blockchain \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Bitcoin, m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Blockchain. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c Bitcoin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c P2P.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>T\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\n Blockchain c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u1edbi c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a Public\/Private. Trong \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f3a Public l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean Blockchain, c\u00f2n kh\u00f3a Private \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean Blockchain kh\u00e1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"blockchain-la-gi\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Blockchain trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\n Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf, Blockchain c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Blockchain \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho, \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n thanh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0: b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec3m, kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o,…, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch, gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gian l\u1eadn, tham \u00f4. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, Blockchain c\u00f3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh<\/a> h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c thi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n trong quy ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"blockchain-la-gi\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Blockchain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fang c\u00f2n gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, truy xu\u1ea5t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\n Blockchain gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Blockchain trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0:\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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