{"id":3169,"date":"2021-08-14T21:34:29","date_gmt":"2021-08-14T14:34:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tino.org\/?p=3169"},"modified":"2025-06-11T15:52:28","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T08:52:28","slug":"in-3d-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/in-3d-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"In 3D l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in 3D"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In 3D gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh dung m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng m\u1edbi cho ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>In 3D l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 in 3D<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\n In 3D l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (CAD) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ba chi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 gia. Nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y in 3D th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 nh\u1ef1a, kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng,…, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"in-3D-la-gi\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh in 3D, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/a>. H\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ecfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in 3D ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0: s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u1ee3 th\u00ednh, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng,… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u00e1y in 3D?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (CAM) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ba chi\u1ec1u. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi m\u00e1y in truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, m\u00e1y in 3D c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 3 chi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh thay v\u00ec in ra tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y in 3D<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\n Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1980, m\u00e1y in 3D s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh b\u1edfi Charles W.Hull. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, in n\u1ed5i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y in n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn 6 con s\u1ed1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y in l\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y in chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"in-3D-la-gi\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1986, Hull ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho ra m\u1eaft 3D Systems – c\u00f4ng ty cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e1y in 3D v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng in 3D n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in 3D ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\n V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c in 3D xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. So v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh in \u1ea5n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, in 3D mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh ph\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in 3D ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n 3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c in 3D ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0: c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in 3D FDM, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in 3D Resin v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in 3D SLS.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in 3D FDM<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111un n\u00f3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Sau khi n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u phun \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i nh\u1ef1a. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean nhau theo t\u1eebng l\u1edbp. Khi kh\u00f4 l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in 3D FDM c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"in-3D-la-gi\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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