{"id":324,"date":"2023-04-14T16:30:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-14T09:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.tinohost.com\/?p=324"},"modified":"2026-10-26T10:27:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-26T03:27:40","slug":"ftp-server-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/ftp-server-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"FTP v\u00e0 FTP server l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n FTP v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

FTP (File Transfer Protocol \u2013 giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp tin) l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e9p file gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 qua m\u1ea1ng; FTP server l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i FTP, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n t\u1ea3i file l\u00ean, t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean, xo\u00e1.<\/strong> Tr\u00ean hosting, FTP server \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y s\u1eb5n: b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n FTP trong cPanel r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m FTP client nh\u01b0 FileZilla \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb website tr\u00ean hosting<\/a>; n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 hosting xem \u1edf hosting l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FTP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

FTP l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a File Transfer Protocol<\/strong>, giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp tin tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng TCP\/IP, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 trong RFC 959<\/a> n\u0103m 1985 (c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970). FTP v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n website l\u00ean hosting, trao \u0111\u1ed5i file v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn file t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y qu\u00e9t, camera. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng xem \u1edf TCP\/IP l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FTP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh client\u2013server: ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m FTP client tr\u00ean m\u00e1y b\u1ea1n g\u1eedi l\u1ec7nh, FTP server tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 230 l\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, 550 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y file).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c FTP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Giao th\u1ee9c FTP d\u00f9ng hai k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ri\u00eang: m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n n\u1ed9i dung file ho\u1eb7c danh s\u00e1ch th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"S\u01a1<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i:<\/strong> client m\u1edf k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1edbi c\u1ed5ng 21 c\u1ee7a server.<\/li>\n\n\n
  2. X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c:<\/strong> client g\u1eedi USER v\u00e0 PASS; server ki\u1ec3m tra r\u1ed3i tr\u1ea3 m\u00e3 230 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang, 530 n\u1ebfu sai.<\/li>\n\n\n
  3. Truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea3i file, hai b\u00ean m\u1edf th\u00eam m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 passive (client ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed1i t\u1edbi c\u1ed5ng server b\u00e1o) ho\u1eb7c active (server n\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 client).<\/li>\n\n\n
  4. K\u1ebft th\u00fac:<\/strong> client g\u1eedi QUIT ho\u1eb7c server t\u1ef1 ng\u1eaft sau th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft FTP client hi\u1ec7n nay m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f9ng passive mode v\u00ec m\u00e1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m sau router NAT. L\u1ed7i \u201ck\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng do t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda ch\u1eb7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sai m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    FTP server l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    FTP server l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, l\u1eafng nghe k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i FTP, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean t\u1eebng th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c. Tr\u00ean hosting cPanel, FTP server l\u00e0 Pure-FTPd ho\u1eb7c ProFTPD do nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e0i s\u1eb5n (theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cPanel); tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ri\u00eang, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 c\u00e0i FileZilla Server, Xlight FTP Server, vsftpd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi FTP server, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m FTP client tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; client g\u1eedi l\u1ec7nh, server th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    FTP Server c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n