{"id":57852,"date":"2025-06-18T14:34:36","date_gmt":"2025-06-18T07:34:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.tino.org\/staging\/?p=57852"},"modified":"2025-06-18T14:34:36","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T07:34:36","slug":"internet-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/internet-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Internet l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Internet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Internet. V\u1eady Internet l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet? Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, Tino Group s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Internet v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f4i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 Internet<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Internet – \u201cTr\u00e1i tim\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Internet l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. Th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, truy c\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Internet ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 TCP\/IP<\/a>. Giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"internet-la-gi\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Internet gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c trang web, g\u1eedi\/nh\u1eadn Email, chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, xem video, nghe nh\u1ea1c, mua b\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/a>, giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c qua m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, Internet \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi Internet, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin v\u00f4 t\u1eadn t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Internet<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1: ARPANET v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1969, ARPANET<\/a> (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network<\/strong>: m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn<\/em>) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Internet. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi do B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Hoa K\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eb1m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ARPANET \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00ean hai chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, Los Angeles (UCLA), chi\u1ebfc c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i SRI International (Stanford Research Institute<\/strong>). S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1eeb xa, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ARPANET l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. ARPANET \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat m\u1ea1ng d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh, khi vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t m\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, ARPANET ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng \u201cvi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch<\/strong>\u201d \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Internet.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"internet-la-gi\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: Nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

#1. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Internet l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP (Transmission Control Protocol\/Internet Protocol<\/strong>). M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TCP\/IP chia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua Internet hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, an to\u00e0n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

#2. \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Internet<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, Internet ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, Internet \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a Internet, t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp Internet, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin, g\u1eedi Email, tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi m\u00e0 Internet mang l\u1ea1i. Internet ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn trong giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Internet nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay. <\/p>\n\n\n

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\"internet-la-gi\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

#3. \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a CERN v\u00e0 World Wide Web<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m n\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Internet l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research<\/strong> – T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/em>) v\u00e0 World Wide Web (WWW). Tim Berners-Lee – nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u CERN \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra WWW – h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng trang web. WWW cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin qua tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a WWW \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra \u201cc\u00e1nh c\u1eeda\u201d truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Internet. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, WWW c\u00f2n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Internet, khi\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3: Internet trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1990<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Internet t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, Internet \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp Internet kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Internet t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y do gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh WWW v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1990 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh World Wide Web (WWW)<\/a> ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Internet. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y do Tim Berners-Lee<\/a> t\u1ea1i CERN ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Th\u00f4ng qua WWW, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin qua tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb trang web tr\u00ean Internet. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, WWW c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0 email, di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 trang th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 Mosaic v\u00e0 Netscape Navigator, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Internet m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"internet-la-gi\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Internet th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 dot-com bubble<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1990, c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Internet. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Internet, nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ty cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, trang web tin t\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Internet v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng ty Internet \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 nhanh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 dot-com bubble<\/a>. \u0110\u00e2y v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Internet, khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty thi\u1ebfu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dot-com bubble ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c<\/strong>\u201d th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Internet ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4: Internet trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, Internet \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e9 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng Internet \u0111\u1ec3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c mua s\u1eafm tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u00ecm v\u00e0 mua h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u, v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb xa, trong khi \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e9 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c. Internet c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"internet-la-gi\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

M\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong giao ti\u1ebfp<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21. Internet t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 Facebook, Twitter, Instagram v\u00e0 LinkedIn<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chia s\u1ebb suy ngh\u0129, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, video v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. M\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 an ninh th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 di \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y (cloud)<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Internet. \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Internet th\u00f4ng qua k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp Internet, g\u1eedi email, duy\u1ec7t web v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e1m m\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t, ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Internet, m\u1edf ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"internet-la-gi\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 5: Ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Internet trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Internet of Things (IoT)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, Internet of Things (IoT)<\/a><\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Internet. IoT l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng qua Internet, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a IoT, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf th\u00f4ng minh, nh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng minh,…, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. IoT c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c th\u00f4ng minh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a IoT c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 5G v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i cao h\u01a1n<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 5G, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhanh h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. V\u1edbi 5G, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00f4ng minh, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a IoT, realtime, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i,… S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 5G m\u1edf ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean Internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Internet. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n th\u00f4ng tin, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Internet \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0, khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Internet.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"internet-la-gi\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a internet \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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