{"id":69483,"date":"2023-06-02T10:15:48","date_gmt":"2023-06-02T03:15:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.tino.org\/staging\/?p=69483"},"modified":"2025-06-11T15:23:57","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T08:23:57","slug":"dia-chi-ipv4-co-cau-truc-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ipv4-co-cau-truc-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean <a href=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/internet-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/internet-la-gi\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Internet <\/a>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4. H\u01a1n h\u1ebft, <a href=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP <\/a>n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a giao ti\u1ebfp Internet. V\u1eady ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4? Tino Group s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00e9!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"Gi\u1edbi_thi\u1ec7u_\u0111\u00f4i_n\u00e9t_v\u1ec1_\u0111\u1ecba_ch\u1ec9_IPv4\"><a id=\"post-69483-_zhev0sg7hsyz\"><\/a><strong>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"\u0110\u1ecba_ch\u1ec9_IPv4_l\u00e0_g\u00ec?\"><a id=\"post-69483-_v1xabk9c9o04\"><\/a><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 (<strong>Internet Protocol version 4<\/strong>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Internet. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho m\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh m\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-2.png\" alt=\"dia-chi-ipv4-co-cau-truc-nhu-the-nao\" class=\"wp-image-69485\" width=\"700\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-2.png 660w, https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-2-300x185.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng 32 bit (bao g\u1ed3m 4 octet ho\u1eb7c byte). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi nhau b\u1edfi d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 192.168.0.1). M\u1ed7i octet s\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 255. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 4,3 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n: ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng (<strong>network part<\/strong>) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y (<strong>host part<\/strong>). S\u1ed1 bit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 m\u1ea1ng (<strong>subnet mask<\/strong>). M\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 bit c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y, gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng (Class A, B, C, D v\u00e0 E) \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n nay, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf do t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Internet. Do \u0111\u00f3, IPv6 (<strong>Internet Protocol version 6<\/strong>) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"\u0110\u1ecba_ch\u1ec9_IPv4_\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c_ph\u00e2n_lo\u1ea1i_nh\u01b0_th\u1ebf_n\u00e0o?\"><a id=\"post-69483-_dl3lp1k3mc8k\"><\/a><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 g\u1ed3m hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng (<strong>network part<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y (<strong>host part<\/strong>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"Ph\u1ea7n_m\u1ea1ng_(network_part)\"><a id=\"post-69483-_gpd271t5gs33\"><\/a><strong>Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng (network part)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1ng con. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ea1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau. Th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-3.png\" alt=\"dia-chi-ipv4-co-cau-truc-nhu-the-nao\" class=\"wp-image-69486\" width=\"700\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-3.png 820w, https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-3-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-3-768x431.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t bit \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bit d\u00f9ng cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00f3 ba l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh trong IPv4 l\u00e0 l\u1edbp A, l\u1edbp B v\u00e0 l\u1edbp C.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1edbp A s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 8 bit cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a 126 m\u1ea1ng con kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1edbp B s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 16 bit cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a 16.384 m\u1ea1ng con kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1edbp C s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 24 bit cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a 2.097.152 m\u1ea1ng con kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn g\u00f3i tin tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng con chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng con kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"Ph\u1ea7n_m\u00e1y_(host_part)\"><a id=\"post-69483-_ju7lrlzi3ggm\"><\/a><strong>Ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y (host part)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng con. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u1eebng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ri\u00eang l\u1ebb trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng con. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng con s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u00e1y con kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bit sau ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng trong \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bit d\u00f9ng cho ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ea1ng con v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng con v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng con IPv4, ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u00e1y con kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c bit sau ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng con s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 24 bit cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng 8 bit c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng con \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a 256 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u00e1y con kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecbnh danh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ea1ng con. M\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u00e1y con duy nh\u1ea5t, cho ph\u00e9p g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ednh ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"\u0110\u1ecba_ch\u1ec9_IPv4_c\u00f3_c\u1ea5u_tr\u00fac_nh\u01b0_th\u1ebf_n\u00e0o?\"><a id=\"post-69483-_ixoqi4n168et\"><\/a><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 4 octet (8 bit) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n (<strong>decimal dot-decimal<\/strong>). C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"748\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-4.png\" alt=\"dia-chi-ipv4-co-cau-truc-nhu-the-nao\" class=\"wp-image-69487\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-4.png 748w, https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-4-300x34.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 748px) 100vw, 748px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A, B, C v\u00e0 D l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 255.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ed7i octet (A, B, C, D) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 255.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c octet \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch nhau b\u1edfi d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m (dot).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"744\" height=\"82\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-5.png\" alt=\"dia-chi-ipv4-co-cau-truc-nhu-the-nao\" class=\"wp-image-69488\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-5.png 744w, https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-5-300x33.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, A = 192, B = 168, C = 0 v\u00e0 D = 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean giao th\u1ee9c IPv4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"5_l\u1edbp_c\u01a1_b\u1ea3n_c\u1ee7a_\u0111\u1ecba_ch\u1ec9_IPv4\"><a id=\"post-69483-_rgqzpbe93wt4\"><\/a><strong>5 l\u1edbp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>IPv4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 5 l\u1edbp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y trong \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1edbp A, l\u1edbp B, l\u1edbp C, l\u1edbp D v\u00e0 l\u1edbp E.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"L\u1edbp_A\"><a id=\"post-69483-_gel4oxdlu5y5\"><\/a><strong>L\u1edbp A<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng: 1.0.0.0 \u0111\u1ebfn 126.0.0.0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u00e1y: 0.0.0.1 \u0111\u1ebfn 127.255.255.254<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 10.0.0.1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, 10 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 0.0.0.1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbp A v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ebfn 16.777.214 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-6.png\" alt=\"dia-chi-ipv4-co-cau-truc-nhu-the-nao\" class=\"wp-image-69489\" width=\"700\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-6.png 548w, https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-6-300x112.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"L\u1edbp_B\"><a id=\"post-69483-_dwdcyhqifxdp\"><\/a><strong>L\u1edbp B<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng: 128.0.0.0 \u0111\u1ebfn 191.255.0.0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u00e1y: 0.0.1.0 \u0111\u1ebfn 255.255.254.254<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 172.16.0.1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, 172.16 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 0.0.0.1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbp B v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee9a hai con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ebfn 65.534 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-7.png\" alt=\"dia-chi-ipv4-co-cau-truc-nhu-the-nao\" class=\"wp-image-69490\" width=\"700\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-7.png 545w, https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-7-300x100.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 545px) 100vw, 545px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"L\u1edbp_C\"><a id=\"post-69483-_dbiaumy75v2f\"><\/a><strong>L\u1edbp C<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng: 192.0.0.0 \u0111\u1ebfn 223.255.255.0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u00e1y: 0.0.0.1 \u0111\u1ebfn 0.0.0.254<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 192.168.0.1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, 192.168.0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 0.0.0.1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbp C v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee9a ba con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ebfn 254 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-8.png\" alt=\"dia-chi-ipv4-co-cau-truc-nhu-the-nao\" class=\"wp-image-69491\" width=\"700\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-8.png 641w, https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-8-300x91.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"L\u1edbp_D\"><a id=\"post-69483-_nqd888fsn7my\"><\/a><strong>L\u1edbp D<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 multicast (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a \u0111i\u1ec3m)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u1ea1m vi: 224.0.0.0 \u0111\u1ebfn 239.255.255.255<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 239.255.255.250<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbp D v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-9.png\" alt=\"dia-chi-ipv4-co-cau-truc-nhu-the-nao\" class=\"wp-image-69492\" width=\"700\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-9.png 640w, https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-9-300x143.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"L\u1edbp_E\"><a id=\"post-69483-_exw21wmdifla\"><\/a><strong>L\u1edbp E<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u1ea1m vi: 240.0.0.0 \u0111\u1ebfn 255.255.255.255<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1edbp E \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbp E kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"715\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-10.png\" alt=\"dia-chi-ipv4-co-cau-truc-nhu-the-nao\" class=\"wp-image-69493\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-10.png 715w, https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-10-300x157.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 715px) 100vw, 715px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 255.255.255.255<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbp E.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp A, l\u1edbp B v\u00e0 l\u1edbp C l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng IP trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. L\u1edbp D v\u00e0 l\u1edbp E th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"\u01afu_\u0111i\u1ec3m_v\u00e0_h\u1ea1n_ch\u1ebf_c\u1ee7a_\u0111\u1ecba_ch\u1ec9_IPv4\"><a id=\"post-69483-_5qz7ee1pexpr\"><\/a><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"\u01afu_\u0111i\u1ec3m\"><a id=\"post-69483-_6sqlxo3o5y5a\"><\/a><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong> IPv4 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP 32-bit, cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o ra kho\u1ea3ng 4,3 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, quy m\u00f4 m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv6 (128-bit), \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"H\u1ea1n_ch\u1ebf\"><a id=\"post-69483-_juvy57tyrff4\"><\/a><strong>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 32-bit ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kho\u1ea3ng 4,3 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t. V\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Internet v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng, ngu\u1ed3n cung \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai IPv6:<\/strong> IPv6 (<strong>Internet Protocol version 6<\/strong>) l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a IPv4, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai<a href=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/ipv6-address-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> IPv6<\/a> \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb IPv4 sang IPv6 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 NAT (Network Address Translation): <\/strong>Do s\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt NAT \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-11.png\" alt=\"dia-chi-ipv4-co-cau-truc-nhu-the-nao\" class=\"wp-image-69494\" width=\"700\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-11.png 1300w, https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-11-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-11-1024x646.png 1024w, https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/word-image-69483-11-768x484.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean, Tino Group tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4. \u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, IPv4 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi IPv6 l\u00e0 hai phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. H\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i Tino Group \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft hay v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch kh\u00e1c b\u1ea1n nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"Nh\u1eefng_c\u00e2u_h\u1ecfi_th\u01b0\u1eddng_g\u1eb7p\"><a id=\"post-69483-_tz58lxwnvbqv\"><\/a><strong>Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\t\t<section\t\thelp class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"V\u00ec_sao_c\u00f2n_nhi\u1ec1u_thi\u1ebft_b\u1ecb_s\u1eed_d\u1ee5ng_IPv4_khi_\u0111\u00e3_c\u00f3_IPv6?\">V\u00ec sao c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IPv4 khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 IPv6?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb IPv4 sang IPv6 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IPv6 l\u00e0: s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch IPv6, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section\t\thelp class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"IPv4_c\u00f3_\u0111\u1ee7_\u0111\u1ecba_ch\u1ec9_\u0111\u1ec3_\u0111\u00e1p_\u1ee9ng_nhu_c\u1ea7u_hi\u1ec7n_t\u1ea1i_kh\u00f4ng?\">IPv4 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, IPv4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Internet. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng cao, bao g\u1ed3m: thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb IoT,&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section\t\thelp class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"C\u00f3_bao_nhi\u00eau_\u0111\u1ecba_ch\u1ec9_IPv4_kh\u1ea3_d\u1ee5ng?\">C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>C\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 4.3 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 loopback (127.0.0.1) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 (255.255.255.255). V\u00ec v\u1eady, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u00edt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section\t\thelp class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"C\u00f3_th\u1ec3_s\u1eed_d\u1ee5ng_\u0111\u1ecba_ch\u1ec9_IPv4_tr\u00ean_m\u1ea1ng_c\u00f4ng_c\u1ed9ng_kh\u00f4ng?\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0: \u201cC\u00f3!\u201d. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o Internet c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 s\u1ebd do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (ISP) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n\t{\n\t\t\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n\t\t\"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n\t\t\"mainEntity\": [\n\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"V\u00ec sao c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IPv4 khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 IPv6?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<p>Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb IPv4 sang IPv6 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IPv6 l\u00e0: s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch IPv6, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"IPv4 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, IPv4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Internet. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng cao, bao g\u1ed3m: thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb IoT,...<\/p>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<p>C\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 4.3 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 loopback (127.0.0.1) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 (255.255.255.255). V\u00ec v\u1eady, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u00edt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<p>C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0: \u201cC\u00f3!\u201d. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o Internet c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 s\u1ebd do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (ISP) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t]\n\t}\n<\/script>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean Internet \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4. H\u01a1n h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a giao ti\u1ebfp Internet. V\u1eady ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":69484,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7374],"tags":[6677],"class_list":["post-69483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kien-thuc-co-ban","tag-kien-thuc-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69483","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69483"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69483\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":114667,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69483\/revisions\/114667"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69483"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69483"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69483"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}