{"id":73152,"date":"2023-07-31T10:08:58","date_gmt":"2023-07-31T03:08:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.tino.org\/staging\/?p=73152"},"modified":"2023-07-31T10:08:59","modified_gmt":"2023-07-31T03:08:59","slug":"packet-switching-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tino.vn\/blog\/packet-switching-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Packet Switching l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/a>, Packet Switching (chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. V\u1eady c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 Packet Switching l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ea1i sao ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i? C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Tino Group t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00e9!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Packet Switching l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Packet Switching <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Packet Switching l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Thay v\u00ec truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng lu\u1ed3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 trong chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch th\u00f4ng tin (Circuit Switching), Packet Switching chia nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 g\u1eedi ch\u00fang qua m\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong Packet Switching ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7i. Khi g\u1eedi \u0111i, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. Sau khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00edch, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Packet Switching \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua Internet<\/a>. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"packet-switching-la-gi\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Packet Switching ra \u0111\u1eddi khi n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Packet Switching ra \u0111\u1eddi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch th\u00f4ng tin (Circuit Switching) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Packet Switching \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u do Leonard Kleinrock d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Massachusetts (Massachusetts Institute of Technology – MIT<\/a>) v\u00e0 Rand Corporation. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 chia nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i (packets) v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao ch\u00fang qua m\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1969, ARPANET<\/a> (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) – m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Internet – \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Packet Switching nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Packet Switching trong m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Internet, Packet Switching \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Packet Switching nh\u01b0 TCP\/IP \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, Packet Switching v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Packet Switching ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Packet Switching ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n ch\u00fang qua m\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Packet Switching \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n